Ružica Conić

Surfer’s myelopathy is a clinical entity first described in 2004. It is non-traumatic spinal cord damage that occurs due to hyperextension of the lumbar part of the spinal column in certain phases of surfing, and almost exclusively affects beginners. Ischemic changes in the spinal cord, venous thrombosis and fibro-cartilaginous embolism are considered the possible causes. Although relatively rare, in over 50% of the cases it has serious consequences in the form of a permanent paralysis of lower extremities, bladder and bowel dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging, lab analysis and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are used for diagnostics and to exclude other disorders which could result in paraplegia. Therapeutically, corticosteroids are administered to decrease swelling of the spinal cord, and rehydration is used to recover circulating fluid volume. Rehabilitation includes procedures that are used in other lesions of the spinal cord resulting in paraplegia. The possibility for full recovery mostly depends on the extent of initial neurologic deficit. Possible prevention implies paravertebral muscle strengthening and exercises for improving body balance. In any sport or activity where spinal column hyperextension occurs, cessation of practicing the sport is recommended if it is causing back pain, in order to prevent further injury and evaluate the possible etiology of pain.

Keywords: non-traumatic myelopathy, spinal cord, back pain, surfing

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